强化矿山救护队员人身安全的措施

通过对矿山救援现状的了解,发现其中存在的问题和隐患,并制定有效且适用的维护救护队员安全的解决措施,提高救援安全性,维护救援队员的人身安全,并为救援及相关人员提供参考和借鉴。     

ICP-OES测定西藏铜矿浸出液中铜铅锌等8种矿物组分

电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定西藏铜矿浸出液中8种矿物组分,讨论了元素分析谱线选择、背景校正等因素。结果表明,在高海拔地区仪器参数优化条件下,元素间也没有干扰且该方法快速,准确可靠,各元素检出限5.6~42μg·m L-1之间,加标回收率为92.5%~106%,相对标准偏差RSD均小于1.0%,适用于高海拔条件下对铜矿浸出液的日常检测。     

Microstructure evolution during fabrication and microstructure–property relationships in vapour-grown carbon nanofibre-reinforced aluminium matrix composites fabricated via powder metallurgy

Microstructure evolution of vapour-grown carbon nanofibre (VGCF)-reinforced aluminium matrix composites during fabrication and microstructure–property relationships of these materials were studied. Composites were fabricated using powder metallurgy, i.e. by mixing VGCFs and aluminium powder via ball-milling followed by sintering or hot extrusion. The mixing condition was selected to achieve small powder particle size and homogeneously dispersed VGCFs. Aluminium grains and VGCFs were elongated along the longitudinal direction of aluminium particles in the mixed powder. Detailed observation of the aluminium grains in the composites found grain size and morphology dominated by recrystallization. Apparently, grain growth was inhibited by VGCFs. Theoretical models considering strength increment due to grain refinement resulting from VGCF addition, load bearing of VGCFs, thermal mismatch of VGCFs and aluminium and Orowan effect were developed. Theoretical values coincided well with hardness, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength of the composites, and thus the models could precisely explain the microstructure–property relationships.     

一种矿用二氧化氮传感器的检测方法

矿用二氧化氮传感器是煤矿常用的气体检测仪表，针对煤矿需求开发的矿用二氧化氮传感器，需要满足煤矿矿用产品要求。文章提出一种矿用二氧化氮传感器检测方法，说明矿用二氧化氮传感器需要满足的技术参数，供实验室检测人员借鉴，也为设计制造矿用二氧化氮传感器提供了参考。     

Maskless metal patterning by meniscus-confined electrochemical etching and its application in organic field-effect transistors

Conductive micropatterns is an essential part for operation of electronic devices in both industrial and academic fields. Conventional mask-based photolithography and vacuum deposition are inadequate to meet the demands of convenience and simplicity due to their complicated operation, costly instrumentations and relatively low resolution (for vacuum deposition). Development of simple and efficient mask-less fabrication techniques of conductive micropatterns is highly expected. Here we report a facile meniscus-confined electrochemical etching (MCEE) approach to fabricate metal micropatterns with resolution down to at least 1.0 μm. Both the applied bias and the moving velocity directly influence the patterning resolution. MCEE process is developed to fabricate source and drain electrodes in organic transistors on both rigid and flexible substrates. Being a maskless direct writing method, the width and morphology of the etched channel can be easily modulated by the bias and the velocity. The organic transistor with top-contact configuration presents better electrical performance with device on/off ratio of 1.1 × 10⁵ and maximum carrier mobility of 1.07 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹, which implies that MCEE operation doesn't result in the degradation of the already deposited semiconducting film. This mask-less MCEE approach provides a potential complementary to conventional mask-based techniques for the fabrication of microscale metal patterns.     

A new one-phase material model for the numerical prediction of critical material flow conditions in thixoforging processes

Thixoforging allows one-step forming processes of near-net shape components having excellent mechanical properties. However, the high sensitivity of thixoforging regarding process conditions requires precise modelling and determination of process related parameters. At the same time, simple numerical design proves challenging because of the inaccuracy of existing one-phase material models regarding the shear thinning flow behaviour of semi solid metals. Consequently, this paper deals with the development of a new one-phase material model providing a more precise simulation of materials’ shear rate dependency. By using this model, simulations could be performed, which allowed the prediction of solidification and flow-related component defects.     

煤矿下山巷道水与空气不耦合装药爆破技术对比研究

为了提高三级煤矿许用炸药能量利用率,改善爆破破岩效果，保证开采区的工作效率，对不耦合装药结构进行优化，以理论推导的方式分别得出空气不耦合与水不耦合装药系数对爆生气体准静压力的影响，并进行了对比分析；通过实验室爆破模型试验研究水和空气径向不耦合分别作用下爆炸应力波的传播分布特性，分析峰值应力与测点到炮孔比例距离、不耦合系数之间的关系，并与理论分析对比验证。结果表明：当不耦合系数相同时，炮孔处水不耦合装药爆炸应力波峰值高于空气不耦合装药，随着不耦合系数的增加，炮孔处爆炸应力波的峰值应力减小；模型试验测得同一测点的水不耦合装药峰值应力是空气不耦合装药峰值应力的1.15~1.52倍，峰值应力作用时间长于空气不耦合装药，同一测点水和空气不耦合装药结构测得的应力波及其峰值应力均随不耦合系数的增加呈负幂函数衰减，且空气不耦合装药时衰减得更快，与理论分析一致；贵州某煤矿下山巷道，于梯形掘进断面实施传统空气不耦合装药结构掏槽爆破，效果不甚理想，运用水不耦合装药爆破技术，提高了炮孔利用率，减小了岩石破碎块度，使爆堆集中，显著提高了岩石破碎效果与出渣效率。     

煤矿科室工作信息管理系统设计

为了提高了煤矿工作者的工作效率和矿井安全程度，设计了煤矿科室工作信息管理系统，分析了系统的关键技术，主要为J2EE技术和B/S和C/S的体系结构；根据现场调研，对系统需求进行了分析，然后设计了系统总体架构和系统功能模块。煤矿科室工作信息管理系统的应用，减少了人力资源的浪费，确保了信息的保存和查询的安全性。     

基于介形类生态特征评价湖南某铀矿山地表水放射性环境

湖南某铀矿为我国一重要铀资源生产基地，长年的矿冶活动使该铀矿冶地域生态环境不可避免地遭到了一定程度破坏。本文以该铀矿冶地域介形类为研究对象，分析其分布与生态特征，并利用该生物评价本矿冶地域地表水放射性污染状况。结果表明，Cypridopsis vidua在溪流与河流中均有分布，Helerocypris incongruens仅发现于河流，两者丰度均不高。利用该两种介形类丰度及总丰度变化可指示水体铀浓度的变化，丰度越小，铀含量越大，反之亦然。Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数与水体铀浓度呈明显负相关，表明也可利用介形类生物指数指示水体铀浓度。该生物指数明显偏低，说明该铀矿冶地域地表水环境质量需要改善，放射性污染应引起足够重视。     

矿山地质环境恢复治理技术方法研究

自工业革命以来人类社会的发展和经济的建设就离不开对矿产资源的使用。我国自改革开放以来,经济得到了前所未有的飞速发展,人民的生活水平日益提高,但经济高速发展的背后,存在着对矿产资源过度开采和使用的问题。矿产资源的不合理开采和使用对原有的自然环境造成了严重的破坏,为了改善此现状,对矿山地质环境的恢复治理技术的研究就至关重要。本文就矿山地质恢复治理的意义进行阐述,进一步对其方法进行探究,最终提出有关的措施和方法。